[Role of pediatric urologist in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a study of satisfaction and psychosocial aspects]. / Papel del urólogo pediátrico en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita: estudio de satisfacción y aspectos psicosociales.

OBJECTIVE: Study the role of the pediatric urologist in the treatment of CAH and the satisfaction of families and patients to identify the psychosocial aspects that we can improve. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study in girls with CAH treated in our center. We reviewed the medical records, analyzing the variables: place of birth, age at diagnosis, surgery, complications and follow up. Analysis of satisfaction and psychosocial aspects by telephone survey. RESULTS: Between 1975-2011, 25 girls with CAH have been treated in our center. Cystoscopy and vaginoscopy was performed before clitoroplasty in 68% (16 girls), adding vulvovaginoplasty in 40% and vaginal descent in the 20%. The mean age was 8.78 +/- 2.30 months. Vaginal stenosis was the main complication (36%), performing introitus plasty in two girls, vaginal expansion in other 2 and dilation of the rest. 15 surveys were made, all expressed satisfaction with treatment, and only 6.67% reported shortages information. With the aesthetic results of the genitoplasty 20% showed dissatisfaction. The family concern was constant at 60%, and sporadic in the rest. 13.3% required psychological support. Currently 80% have normal psychosocial life. CONCLUSION: The HSC requires a multidisciplinary approach right from birth to allow adequate psychosocial development. The pediatric urologist has an important weight in the multidisciplinary treatment. Realizing early feminizing genitoplasty decreases family impact and increases satisfaction. The prolonged follow-up will allow the detection and treatment of complications.

[Urethroplasty with lateral pedunculated flap for complicated hypospadias]. / Uretroplastia con colgajo lateral pediculado para las hipospadias complicadas.

UNLABELLED: With the modern techniques, we can resolve almost the totallity of hypospadias. But there are patients with recurrent fistulas associated to uretral stenosis that can finish all the surgical possibilities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review. Lateral based flap uretroplasty consists in the exposition of the uretra, to reconstruct in one-stage the original neourethra with the lateral skin of the penis. RESULTS: From 2008, we have correct 5 patients with a mean age of 12,1 years (9-15) and a weight of 55,34 kg (22-98 kg). All of them were previously corrected 3 to 7 times, with recurrent fistulas. At the office, stenosis urethral was verified. Surgical correction was made in 90-110 minutes and results were positive in all patients, correcting the stenosis after a follow-up of more than a year. Only the oldest two patients had present minimally glans fistula. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral based flap urethroplasty is a useful technique for the correction of the complicated fistulas, allowing the correction of the fistulas and the stenosis of the urethra.

Uretroplastia con colgajo lateral pediculado para las hipospadias complicadas / Urethroplasty with lateral pedunculated flap for complicated hypospadias

Las técnicas habituales de los hipospadias permiten resolver la práctica totalidad de esta patología con resultados muy positivos. Desgraciadamente, existen pacientes que se fistulizan repetidas veces, agotando las posibilidades quirúrgicas. Generalmente se asocian a estenosis uretral. Queremos presentar una técnica que nos ha facilitado la reparación de estos pacientes con resultados esperanzadores . Material y métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de una serie de casos. La técnica del colgajo lateral pediculado consiste en un desmontaje dela uretra y exposición de la misma, para proceder a su reconstrucción en un solo tiempo por medio de la piel lateral de la uretra que se tubulariza sobre la neouretra primitiva. Resultados. Desde 2008 hemos intervenido 5 pacientes con una edad media de 12,1 años (9-15) y un peso de 55,34 kg (22-98 kg).Previamente habían sufrido de 3 a 7 operaciones de corrección de hipospadias, siempre fistulizadas. En consulta se comprobó la estenosis uretral en todos los pacientes. La intervención se realizó en un tiempo de 90-110 minutos y los resultados fueron favorables en todos los pacientes, resolviéndose las estenosis, con un seguimiento medio superior al año. Tan solo los dos pacientes más mayores han presentado mínimas fístulas glanulares. Conclusiones. La uretroplastia con colgajo lateral pediculado es una técnica útil para el tratamiento de los hipospadias complicados permitiendo la resolución de las fístulas y, especialmente, de las estenosis de uretra (AU)

With the modern techniques, we can resolve almost the totallity of hypospadias. But there are patients with recurrent fi stulas associated touretral stenosis that can finish all the surgical possibilities. Material and methods. Retrospective review. Lateral based flapuretroplasty consists in the exposition of the uretra, to reconstruct in one-stage the original neourethra with the lateral skin of the penis. Results. From 2008, we have correct 5 patients with a mean age of 12,1 years (9-15) and a weight of 55,34 kg (22-98 kg). All of them were previously corrected 3 to 7 times, with recurrent fistulas. At the office, stenosis urethral was verified. Surgical correction was made in 90-110 minutes and results were positive in all patients, correcting the stenosis after a follow-up of more than a year. Only the oldest two patients had present minimally glansfistula. Conclusions. Lateral based flap urethroplasty is a useful technique for the correction of the complicated fistulas, allowing the correction of the fistulas and the stenosis of the urethra (AU)

Evaluación urodinámica y de la continencia en las ampliaciones vesicales con sigmoides / Evaluation of urodynamics and continence in bladder augmentations with sigmoids

Objetivo. Queremos evaluar nuestra experiencia en las cistoplastias con sigmoides en el manejo de la dilatación del tracto urinario superior y la incontinencia urinaria. Material y métodos. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las ampliaciones realizadas con sigmoides (1994-2009). Analizamos parámetros clínicos, quirúrgicos y especialmente urodinámicos, pre/postcistoplastia. Resultados. Hemos realizado 30 cistoplastias con una edad de 10,24años (3-15 años), siguiéndose 8 años (9 meses-15 años). El diagnóstico de base era la vejiga neurógena (63,3%), siendo la indicación principal para la ampliación la afectación del tracto urinario superior 43,3%)y la incontinencia. El procedimiento se asoció a la colocación de esfínter artificial (30%), estoma tipo Mitrofan off (30%) o reimplante ureteral(30%), No existiendo ninguna complicación (..) (AU)

Aim. To evaluate our experience in sigmoid augmentation to manage renal upper tract dilatation and urinary incontinence. Material and methods. Retrospective descriptive study of the augmentation cystoplasties with sigmoid patch. We analyze clinical, urodynamic and surgical parameters. Results. We have make 30 cistoplasties with a mean age of 10.24years (3-15 years) with a mean follow up of 8 years (9 months-15 years).The main diagnosis was neurogenic bladder (63,3%) being the main indication for the augmentation the progressive dilatation of the renal upper tract (43,3%). We associate to the procedure the collocation of an artificial sphinter (30%), Mitrofan off or ureteral reimplantation. There was no major complication. In the urodinamics, the bladders had low (..) (AU)

[Evaluation of urodynamics and continence in bladder augmentations with sigmoids]. / Evaluación urodinámica y de la continencia en las ampliaciones vesicales con sigmoides.

AIM: To evaluate our experience in sigmoid augmentation to manage renal upper tract dilatation and urinary incontinence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of the augmentation cystoplasties with sigmoid patch. We analyze clinical, urodinamic and surgical parameters. RESULTS: We have make 30 cistoplasties with a mean age of 10.24 years (3-15 years) with a mean follow up of 8 years (9 months-15 years). The main diagnosis was neurogenic bladder (63,3%) being the main indication for the augmentation the progressive dilatation of the renal upper tract (43,3%). We associate to the procedure the collocation of an artificial sphinter (30%), Mitrofanoff or ureteral reimplantation. There was no major complication. In the urodinamics, the bladders had low capacity, high pression and low compliance. After surgery, urodinamic parameters improve. During follow up, continence improve with more intermittent clean catheterism (median 4/day). Vesical lithiasis was more common late complication with nor acute abdominal surgical illness nor malignancy; 2 patients finished in renal transplantation. Evolution was positive in 66%, and negative in 18,5%. CONCLUSIONS: Sigmoid augmentation cystoplasty is a good technique, that allows urodinamic and continence improvement. The conscience in the importance of intermittent catheterisms reduces the incidence of complications.

Resultados del trasplante renal de donante vivo en receptores pediátricos, con injertos obtenidos por laparoscopia / Results of living donor kidney transplant in pediatric recipients, with graft obtained by laparoscopy

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados del trasplante renal de donante vivo relacionado (TDVR) en nuestro centro. Pacientes y método. Entre diciembre de 2005 y 2008 se han realizado en nuestro centro 34 trasplantes renales en receptores pediátricos, de los que 7 (20,58%) han sido TDVR con injertos obtenidos por vía laparoscópica. El donante fue la madre en 4 casos y el padres entres. La edad media de los donantes fue de 43 años (38-48) y la de los receptores de 12,5 años (9-17). Cuatro fueron un primer trasplante (uno (..) (AU)

Objective. Analyze the results of the living related donor kidney transplant (LRDKT) in our center. Patients and methods. Between December 2005 and 2008, 34 kidney transplants in pediatric recipients were performed in our center, 7(20.58%) of which were LRDKT with grafts obtained via laparoscopy. The donor was the mother in 4 cases and the father in 3. Mean age of the donors was 43 years (38-48) and of the recipients 12.5 years (9-17).Four were a first transplant (one of them planned) and three (..) (AU)

[Results of living donor kidney transplant in pediatric recipients, with graft obtained by laparoscopy]. / Resultados del trasplante renal de donante vivo en receptores pediátricos, con injertos obtenidos por laparoscopia.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results of the living related donor kidney transplant (LRDKT) in our center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between December 2005 and 2008, 34 kidney transplants in pediatric recipients were performed in our center, 7 (20.58%) of which were LRDKT with grafts obtained via laparoscopy. The donor was the mother in 4 cases and the father in 3. Mean age of the donors was 43 years (38-48) and of the recipients 12.5 years (9-17). Four were a first transplant (one of them planned) and three retransplantations. RESULTS: Cold ischemia time was < 2 hours in every case while warm ischemia did not show significant differences with the cadaveric donor transplant. None had initial graft dysfunction. No vascular complications occurred, but there was a urinary fistula secondary to ureteral necrosis, resolved with a new reimplantation. Survival of the patient and graft is 100%, superior to that of the cadaveric grafts within the same period. Current mean plasma creatinine is 0.8 mg/dl (0.7-1.39) and mean creatinine clearance is 80 cc/min/1.73 m2 (75-90). No donor had surgical complication and all maintain good kidney function. CONCLUSIONS: The short term results of the LRDKT with grafts obtained by laparoscopy in our center are similar to those described by groups with large experience, which makes it possible to continue offering it with guarantee.

Manejo quirúrgico del tumor de Wilms bilateral: Nuestra experiencia con 18 casos / Surgical management of the bilateral wilm's tumor: Our experience with 18 cases

Objetivo. Mostrar nuestra experiencia en el manejo quirúrgico del tumor de Wilms bilateral. Material y métodos. Se analizaron los datos de 18 niños con diagnóstico de TW bilateral entre 1971 y 2007, evaluando la edad al momento del diagnóstico, sexo, presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos, histología, tratamiento quimioterápico, radioterápico y quirúrgico, complicaciones y el estado clínico actual de los pacientes. Resultados. El 65% de los TW sincrónicos se encontraban en estadios I / II; el 30% mostraban al menos un tumor en estadio III. Un caso en estadio IV (5%). Los pacientes con TW metacrónicos se encontraban en el 100% de los casos en estadios I /II. Todos los tumores fueron de bajo o intermedio grado de malignidad, con predominio del tipo mixto. Las complicaciones quirúrgicas fueron 4 suboclusiones intestinales,2 fístulas ureteropiélicas y 1 quiste urinario.15 niños permanecen convida (83%) con un período libre de enfermedad entre 1 y 24 años, delos cuales 3 se han trasplantado con buena evolución. Un paciente falleció por insuficiencia renal progresiva y otros dos pacientes por evolución de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. La quimioterapia preoperatoria citorreductora permite una cirugía renal más conservadora con una alta tasa de supervivencia (80-90%). El tratamiento quirúrgico individualizado conlleva resecciones más conservadoras y una menor incidencia de insuficiencia renal a largo plazo (AU)

Aim. To show our experience in the surgical management of bilateral Wilms’ tumor. Methods. We have reviewed the medical records of 18 patients diagnosed of bilateral Wilms’ tumor between 1971 and 2007, evaluating age, sex, clinical situation, imaging studies, histology, treatment, complications and follow-up. Results. 65% of patients with synchronous Wilms’ tumor was stageI-II, 30% stage III and 5% stage IV. 100% of patients with metachronous Wilms’ tumor was stage I-II. All the tumors had favourable histology. Surgical complications were: 4 bowel pseudobstructions, 2ureteropielic fistulae and 1 urinary cyst. 15 patients are alive (83%) with a mean follow-up of 12 years.3 of these patients had a renal transplant with a good evolution. One patient died of a progressive renal failure and two patients died of the evolution of the oncological disease. Conclusions. Preoperative chemotherapy allows a conservative surgical resection with a high overall survival (80-90%). Individualized surgical treatment offers a conservative surgical resection with a lower incidence of long-term renal failure (AU)

[Perinatal diagnosis and management of epignathus]. / Diagnóstico y tratamiento perinatal del epignatus: revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: After the diagnosis and treatment by EXIT procedure of a case of epignathus in our centre, we have reviewed the management of this condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review of the bibliography in Medline and our case experience. Search terms: "oral teraoma" OR Epignathus; Limits for age (Newborn) and languages (English, Spanish, Italian and portugese) (57 articles) and without limits (121). We select articles cases reports about oropharyngeal teratomas including diagnosis and/or treatment, specially those with polyhidramnios and/or respiratoy distress at birth. Articles before 1990 were refused. RESULTS: Epignathus is defined as a teratoma that occupies the lumen of the craniopharyngeal canal causing an obstructive polyhydramnios. This is a potential cause of death due to upper airway obstruction at birth. Cardiac function can be compromised due to its size. No other lethal conditions are normally associated. Prenatal diagnosis and the strategy of the perinatal treatment seem to improve the prognosis of this condition. DISCUSSION: Consensus exit about that prenatal diagnosis is the key to avoid the neonatal respiratory distress. Formo our experience and from others it is clearly defined that the proper treatment is the prevention of the preterm labour and delivery by EXIT procedure, in order to have the neonate airway control under foetal-placental circulation. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent associated anomalies with epignathus are feasible to surgical correction. The prognosis of giant epignathus seems to improve with a proper prenatal diagnosis (US and MRI) and an adequate strategy of the airway management. With EXIT procedure, a potential life-threatening emergency can be managed like an elective procedure, improving the prognosis of this children.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento perinatal del epignatus: Revisión sistemática / Perinatal diagnosis and management of epignathus

Introducción: A partir de un caso diagnosticado y tratado mediante EXIT en nuestro Centro, realizamos una revisión sistemática de la evolución del diagnóstico y tratamiento del epignatus. Material y métodos: Búsqueda bibliográfica en medline y la aportación de nuestro caso. Criterios: “oral teratoma” OR epignathus limitada por edad a neonatos y por idiomas a inglés, español, italiano y portugués (57 artículos) y sin restricciones (121 artículos), Se seleccionaron los artículos que incluyesen casos de teratomas de la cavidad orofaríngea, con su método diagnóstico y/o tratamiento, haciendo hincapié en los casos que provocasen polihidramnios y/o dificultad respiratoria al nacimiento por su tamaño o situación. Se descartaron los artículos anteriores a 1990.Resultados: Bajo el término epignatus se encuentran los teratomas que ocupan la luz del canal craneofaríngeo, provocando con frecuencia polihidramnios obstructivo. Son potencialmente letales al poder provocar obstrucción de la vía aérea tras el parto. Por su tamaño pueden comprometer la función cardiaca. Rara vez se asocian a otras patologías graves. El diagnóstico prenatal y la planificación del tratamiento (..) (AU)

Introduction: After the diagnosis and treatment by EXIT procedure of a case of epignathus in our centre, we have reviewed the management of this condition. Material and methods: Systematic review of the bibliography in Medline and our case experience. Search terms: “oral teraoma” ORE pignathus; Limits for age (Newborn) and languages (English, Spanish, Italian and portugese) (57 articles) and without limits (121). We select articles cases reports about oropharyngeal teratomas including diagnosis and/or treatment, specially those with polyhidramnios and/orrespiratoy distress at birth. Articles before 1990 were refused. Results: Epignathus is defined as a teratoma that occupies the lumen of the craniopharyngeal canal causing an obstructive polyhydramnios. This is a potential cause of death due to upper airway obstruction at (..) (AU)

[Surgical management of bilateral Wilms' tumor: our experience with 18 cases]. / Manejo quirúrgico del tumor de Wilms bilateral: nuestra experiencia con 18 casos.

AIM: To show our experience in the surgical management of bilateral Wilms' tumor. METHODS: We have reviewed the medical records of 18 patients diagnosed of bilateral Wilms' tumor between 1971 and 2007, evaluating age, sex, clinical situation, imaging studies, histology, treatment, complications and follow-up. RESULTS: 65% of patients with synchronous Wilms' tumor was stage I-II, 30% stage III and 5% stage IV. 100% of patients with metachronous Wilms' tumor was stage I-II. All the tumors had favourable histology. Surgical complications were: 4 bowel pseudobstructions, 2 ureteropielic fistulae and 1 urinary cyst. 15 patients are alive (83%) with a mean follow-up of 12 years. 3 of these patients had a renal trasplant with a good evolution. One patient died of a progressive renal failure and two patients died of the evolution of the oncological disease. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chemotherapy allows a conservative surgical resection with a high overall survival (80-90%). Individualized surgical treatment offers a conservative surgical resection with a lower incidence of long-term renal failure.

[Ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy, a possible urinary derivation?]. / Meatotomía ureteral asociada a vesicostomía, una posibilidad de derivación urinaria?

AIM: To show our experience in urinary derivation by ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy. METHODS: We reviewed uni or bilateral ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy carried out in our institution between 1989 and 2006. We report 20 patients (15 boys and 5 girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 13-years-old (median 4,4-years-olds). Nine (45%) had neuropathic bladder, 6 (30%) posterior urethral valves and 5 (25%) vesicoureteral stenosis. RESULTS: Improvement of the ureteral dilatation controlled by ultrasound was demonstrated in 100% of the patients. Improvement of the renal function was observed in the group of patients (5) with renal failure. COMPLICATIONS: 2 bladder prolapses, 1 calculus and 1 postoperative bladder bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy is an effective urinary derivation in children with obstructive urological conditions with an important dilatation in which ureteral reimplantation seems to be difficult. This derivation avoids bladder dysfunction and the management of the vesicostomy is comfortable by the use of a bag or the nappies.

[Biofeedback and electrostimulation in the treatment of non monosymptomatic enuresis]. / Biofeedback y electroestimulación como tratamiento de la enuresis no monosintomática.

AIM: To show our experience with biofeedback and electrostimulation techniques in the treatment of non monosymptomatic enuresis. METHODS: We reviewed biofeedback and electrostimulation techniques in the treatment of complicated enuresis carried out in our institution between 1995 and 2000. We report 99 patients (65 girls and 34 boys) with ages ranging from 5 to 14 years old. A complete urodinamy study divided the patients into 5 groups: detrusor-sphincter dysfunction (DSD) (47 patients), detrusor overactivity (DO) (25 patients), urge syndrome (US) (15 patients), sphincter hypertony (SH) (10 patients) and "retentionist" bladder (RB) (2 patients). Success was defined as less than three wet nights in a month. Biofeedback and electrostimulation program was designed in 10 sessions per week (20 minutes each session) with SIGMAX-Biomedical software. Tibial electrostimulation with SANS-UroSurge equipment was indicated when biofeedback and electrostimulation techniques failed (12 sessions per week, 30 minutes each session). RESULTS. The success rate has been 78.9% in DSD group, 80% in DO group, 85% in US group, 75% in SH group, 100% in RB group. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of biofeedback and electrostimulation techniques in the treatment of non monosymptomatic enuresis has been reported and seems to be permanent in time.

Meatotomía ureteral asociada a vesicostomía, ¿una posibilidad de derivación urinaria? / Ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy, a possible urinary derivation?

Objetivo. Mostrar nuestra experiencia en la derivación urinaria mediante meatotomía ureteral uni o bilateral asociada a vesicostomía. Material y métodos. Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo sobre una serie de 20 pacientes (15 niños y 5 niñas), sometidos a meatotomíaureteral junto con vesicostomía cutánea en nuestro servicio, entre los años 1989 y 2006. La edad media fue de 4,4 años (1 mes-13años). Nueve pacientes (45%) presentaban vejiga neuropática (7 con reflujo vesicoureteral secundario), 6 niños (30%) válvulas de uretra posterior, 3 estenosis vésico-ureterales bilaterales y 2 unilaterales(25%).Resultados. En el 100% de los niños se observó disminución ecográfica de la dilatación ureteropielocalicial tras la derivación; 5 de los casos que presentaban alteración de la función renal, mejoraron tras la intervención, controlado mediante el aclaramiento de creatinina. Como complicaciones se produjo prolapso vesical por la ostomía en 2 pacientes, litiasis en 1 y sangrado vesical postoperatorio en 1.Conclusiones. La meatotomía ureteral asociada a vesicostomía cutánea es una opción válida en niños que presentan una uropatía obstructiva vesical o infravesical con importante dilatación del tracto urinario superior en los que la reimplantación ureteral no se considera que pueda tener éxito. Evita la desfuncionalización vesical y el manejo dela vesicostomía resulta cómodo con bolsa o pañal (AU)

Aim. To show our experience in urinary derivation by ureteralmeatotomy associated with vesicostomy. Methods. We reviewed unior bilateral ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy carried outin our institution between 1989 and 2006. We report 20 patients (15boys and 5 girls) with ages ranging from 1 month to 13 years old (median4,4 years ols). Nueve (45%) had neuropathic bladder, 6 (30%) posterior urethral valves and 5 (25%) vesicoureteral stenosis. Results. Improvement of the ureteral dilatation controlled by ultrasound was demonstrated in 100% of the patients. Improvement of the renal function was observed in the group of patients (5) with renal failure. Complications: 2 bladder prolapses, 1 calculus and 1 postoperative bladder bleeding. Conclusions. Ureteral meatotomy associated with vesicostomy is an effective urinary derivation in children with obstructive urologicalconditions with an important dilatation in which ureteral reimplantation seems to be difficult. This derivation avoids bladder dysfunction and the management of the vesicostomy is comfortable by the use of a (..) (AU)

[Complex vesicoureteral reflux. Our experience]. / Reflujo vesicoureteral complejo. Revisión de nuestra serie.

OBJECTIVE: To analize the proportion of complex reflux in the whole amount of patients treated endoscopically of vesicoureteral reflux in our hospital. To determine the endoscopic treatment success in complex reflux, and the influence of reflux grade in it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present our experience between 1992 and 2003 with three kinds of substances (polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer). We treated complex reflux in 74 patients with endoscopic injection. All patients were scheduled to have voiding cystourethrogram 3 and 9 moths after injection. A positive response was defined as grade 0 or I reflux. RESULTS: Reflux was solved using the endoscopic procedure in 86.25% after first injection, 93.75% after second and 96.25% after third. The corresponding results for reflux grade II, III and IV were 88.9%, 83.3% and 100%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that subureteral injection of different sustances (Teflon, Macroplastique or Deflux) is a useful treatment for most cases of vesicoureteral reflux. We propose it as first step of treatment.

Reflujo vesicoureteral complejo. Revisión de nuestra serie / Complex vesicoureteral reflux. Our experience

Objetivos: Analizar la proporción de reflujos secundarios o complejos en el total de reflujos vesicoureteral estratados endoscópicamente en nuestro hospital. Determinar el éxito conseguido y su relación con el grado de reflujo presentado. Material y método: Presentamos nuestra experiencia entre 1992 y 2003 con tres tipos de sustancias(politetrafluoroetileno, polidimetilsiloxane y dextranomero-copolímero de ácido hialurónico). Tratamos endoscópicamente con la inyección de estas sustancias a 74 pacientes con reflujo vesicoureteral complejo. Todos ellos se siguieron sistemáticamente mediante cistografía a los 3 y 9 meses tras la inyección. Definimos éxito del tratamiento como aquellos reflujos grado 0 ó I. Resultados: El reflujo fue solucionado endoscópicamente en el 86,25% de las ocasiones en el primer intento, 93,75% tras el segundo y 96,25% tras el tercero. El éxito según el grado de reflujo fue 88,9% para los de grado II, 83,3% para los de grado III y 100% para los de IV. Conclusiones: Concluimos que la inyección subureteral de distintas sustancias (Teflon®,Macroplastique® o Deflux®) constituye una alternativa útil de tratamiento en la mayoría de reflujos vesicoureterales complejos. Opinamos que debe considerarse como el primer escalón del tratamiento (AU)

Objective: To analize the proportion of complex reflux in the whole amount of patients treated endoscopically of vesicoureteral reflux in our hospital. To determine the endoscopic treatment success in complex reflux, and the influence of reflux grade in it. Material and methods: We present our experience between 1992 and 2003 with three kinds of substances (polytetrafluoroethylene, polydimethylsiloxane and dextranomer-hyaluronic acid copolymer). We treated complex reflux in 74 patients with endoscopic injection. All patients were scheduled to have voiding cystourethrogram 3 and 9 moths after injection. A positive response was defined as grade 0 or I reflux. Results: Reflux was solved using the endoscopic procedure in 86,25% after first injection, 93,75% after second and 96,25% after third. The corresponding results for reflux grade II, III and IV were 88.9%, 83.3% and 100%. Conclusions: We conclude that subureteral injection of different sustances (Teflon®, Macroplastique® or Deflux®) is a useful treatment for most cases of vesicoureteral reflux. We propose it as first step of treatment (AU)